Evidence that is inferior to the primary or best evidence and that becomes admissible when the primary or best evidence is lost or inaccessible. • Examples include a copy of a lost instrument and testimony regarding a lost instrument’s contents. — Also termed mediate evidence; mediate testimony; substitutionary evidence. See Fed. R. Evid. 1004. Cf. […]
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secondary evidence 次要证据；辅助证据 最佳证据〔primary or best evidence〕以外的且次于最佳证据的证据，如已丢失的文件的副本，证人对已丢失的文件内容的陈述等。在最佳证据灭失或者无法获得时，次要证据可以被采信。也称作substitutionary evidence。
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substitutionary evidence 替代证据 指替代具有更好效力的证据形式而被采用的证据，如允许用来替代文件原件的副本，允许用来证明丢失的文件内容的证人证言等。 (→secondary evidence)
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original evidence 原始证据 指作为证据提出的文书或物品的原本或原件，区别于以其副本或复制件形式存在的次要证据〔secondary evidence〕。照片的「原件」包括负片或从该负片洗印出来的任何正片。如果原件是储存在计算机或其他类似的机械中时，任何准确地反映原件的可阅读的打印件均为「原件」。
The evidentiary rule providing that, to prove the contents of a writing (or a recording or photograph), a party must produce the original writing (or a mechanical, electronic, or other familiar duplicate, such as a photocopy) unless it is unavailable, in which case secondary evidence — the testimony of the drafter or a person who
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best evidence 最佳证据 指最可靠的、与需要证明的事实有最直接联系的证据。也称为基本证据〔primary evidence〕或原始证据〔original evidence〕,区别于第二手的证据〔secondary evidence〕。
best-evidence rule. The evidentiary rule providing that, to prove the contents of a writing (or a recording or photograph), a party must produce the original writing (or a mechanical, electronic, or other familiar duplicate, such as a photocopy) unless it is unavailable, in which case secondary evidence — the testimony of the drafter or a
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Evidence of the highest quality available, as measured by the nature of the case rather than the thing being offered as evidence. • The term is usu. applied to writings and recordings. If the original is available, it must be offered rather than a copy or oral rendition. Fed. R. Evid. 1002. — Also termed
secondary factor. (usu. pl.) Patents. Objective evidence that courts consider in determining a patent claim’s nonobviousness. • Secondary factors include “commercial success, long-felt but unsolved need, failure of others, and unexpected results.” Graham v. John Deere Co., 383 U.S. 1, 17–18, 86 S.Ct. 684, 694 (1966). — Also termed secondary consideration. [Cases: Patents 36. 1.